Saturday, December 5, 2015

Malachi 3:13-21 Rebuke 6: People not trusting in God justice over the wicked and the righteous.


In the final section of this writing, the Lord rebukes the people for not trusting in his justice. The Lord clearly shows the wicked will be separated from the righteous. This idea was already treated in Malachi 3:3-5, but also in the following chapter in the canonical Bible, Psalm 1.

Malachi 3:13-15 A wrong view of God’s justice

To lead into the subject of the separation of the righteous from the wicked, this section begins with some confusion over God’s justice. Those serving him do not understand the benefits and furthermore, they see that those who do evil are prospering. This misunderstanding is dealt with by the end of this section. The righteous will indeed be blessed, and the wicked will perish.
The rebuke begins with a sixth verbal exchange, between the Lord and the people. The Lord’s statement is: “Your words are hard against me.” The objection follows, but this time we have “מַה” instead of “בַּמֶּה”.  If it was the latter: “Ἐν τίνι”, the Septuagint could have a different vorlage or it could be that they are following the pattern of the rest of the text. The people object: “What have we said (נִּדְבַּרְנוּ) to one another concerning you?”  נִּדְבַּרְנוּ is a Niphal so the verb is reflexive, the people are talking among themselves.[1] The Lord tells them exactly what they said:  “it is vain to serve the Lord, what profit because we keep his charge and we walk (as) mourners before the Lord of Hosts.”, “and now we called blessed the insolent, the ones doing evil are established, also they test God and they escape (וַיִּמָּלֵטוּ)”. וַיִּמָּלֵטוּ  the waw is for sequence, they test the Lord and then they escape.  The people’s words are hard concerning the Lord because they have a skewed view of his justice. The proper perspective follows and it is attributed to those who fear the Lord.

Malachi 3:16-17 A right perspective on God’s Justice

In Malachi 3:16-17 we get a corrected view on how God deals with those fearing him. Those who fear the Lord know that the Lord attends and he listens and he writes a scroll of remembrance before him. The Lord confirms this in Malachi 3:17, adding that those fearing him will be a possession for the day of the Lord, they will be spared, as a son spares his son serving him.

Malachi 3:18 Truth will be seen on judgment day

In Malachi 3:7 there was a call to turn to the Lord, in 3:18 the Lord says that the will indeed turn and they will see, that there is indeed justice. They will see the difference between the righteous and the wicked, the one serving God and the one not serving God.

Malachi 3:19-21 The Day of the Lord

The Day of Judgment as we saw in section 4 has two sides to it, for the wicked it is judgment, and for the righteous it is cleansing.

Malachi 3:19 Judgment 

For the wicked the day of judgment is coming, burning like an oven and all the insolent and the wicked will be chaff and the coming day will blaze them. This is such a different picture than the false view of the Lord’s justice in Malachi 3:15 where this same group was being called blessed. This blazing will not leave them anything (שֹׁרֶשׁ וְעָנָף). שֹׁרֶשׁ וְעָנָף literally translates “a root and a branch”. It is a merism taking opposite ends, the root and the branch are the parts furthest away from each other in a tree to communicate totality. 
This message is really severe, there is nothing positive or comforting about this judgment, and this must be communicated when we talk about final judgment in our preaching.

Malachi 3:20 Healing

To talk about the positive side of the Day of the Lord, there is a change from the third person, to God addressing his people directly in the second person. The group receiving blessing is now call “יִרְאֵי שְׁמִי” (the ones fearing my name) rather than “יִרְאֵי יְהוָה” (the ones fearing the Lord). For them the sun of righteousness shall rise (שֶׁמֶשׁ צְדָקָה) and healing in her wings (וּמַרְפֵּא בִּכְנָפֶיהָ) and they will go out and the will spring about like calves from a stall (וִיצָאתֶם וּפִשְׁתֶּם כְּ‍עֶגְלֵי מַרְבֵּק). Verse 20 is very figurative and must be understood as a description of the blessing. First because it is related to those fearing God, whose destiny is going to be different from the wicked, who are destroyed.
The sun of righteousness is placed in contrast to the day burning like an oven for the insolent and those doing evil. This expression is only used here in the Bible. The sun being so pervasive, the image gives the idea that with the day of the Lord, righteousness will pervade.[2] “It’s wings” (בִּכְנָפֶיהָ) referring to the sun, agreeing with its feminine gender could be understood as the sun rays in the imagery.[3]
The main idea is that rather than being burned, it is healing (מַרְפֵּא) that they receive. The verse ends with a simile: the picture of those fearing the Lord’s name will be springing about as calves of a stall. It must be assumed that these calves have been let out from a stall, and are enjoying their freedom.

Malachi 3:21 the right order of things 

In verse 21, we have a real answer for those who think that it was vain to serve God, because it was the wicked who were being blessed. In this verse, the Lord tells the righteous that they will crush the wicked, and they will be ash under the soles of their feet. These things will happen on the coming day of the Lord.  


[1] Gesenius, Gesenius’ Hebrew Grammar, 137.
[2]Walvoord, Zuck, The Bible Knowledge Commentary, 1587.
[3]John Merlin Powis Smith and Julius August Bewer, A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on Haggai, Zechariah, Malachi and Jonah (New York: C. Scribner's sons, 1912), 80.

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